kidney stone causes - Uric Acid Testing
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Uric Acid Testing
Definition Uric acid tests are tests that are done to measure the levels of uric acid in blood serum or in urine. Purpose
Increased production of uric acid may result from eating foods that are high in purine. Increased uric acid levels due to overproduction may also be caused by gout, by a genetic disorder of purine metabolism, or by metastatic cancer, destruction of red blood cells, leukemia, or cancer chemotherapy.
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Decreased excretion of uric acid is seen in chronic kidney disease, low thyroid, toxemia of pregnancy, and alcoholism. Patients with gout excrete less than half the uric acid in their blood as other persons. Only 10-15% of the total cases of hyperuricemia, however, are caused by gout. Getting information on specific topics can be quite irritating for some. This is the reason this article was written with as much matter pertaining to kidney stone causes as possible. This is the way we aim to help others in learning about kidney stone causes.
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Abnormally low uric acid levels may indicate that the patient is taking allopurinol or probenecid for treatment of gout; may be pregnant; or suffers from Wilson's disease or Fanconi's syndrome. It was really tough getting information about anything previously. Now with the advent of the Internet, anyone can access any information at any time of the day.
Urine test Reference values for 24-hour urinary uric acid vary from laboratory to laboratory but are generally found within the following range: 250-750 mg/24 hours. There are no boundaries on countries for one to access information about kidney stone causes through the Internet. All one has to do is to surf, and then the required matter is availed!
Preparation The uric acid test requires either a blood or urine sample. For the blood sample, the patient should be fasting (nothing to eat or drink) for at least eight hours before the test. The urine test for uric acid requires a 24-hour urine collection. The urine test does not require the patient to fast or cut down on fluids. Some laboratories encourage patients to drink plenty of fluids during the collection period.
Risks Risks for the blood test are minimal, but may include slight bleeding from the puncture site, a small bruise or swelling in the area, or fainting or feeling lightheaded. You actually learn more about kidney stone causes only with more reading on matters pertaining to it. So the more articles you read like this, the more you learn about kidney stone causes.
Normal results Blood test Reference values for blood uric acid vary from laboratory to laboratory but are generally found within the following range: Male: 2.1-8.5 mg/dL; female: 2.0-6.6 mg/dL. Values may be slightly higher in the elderly. You must have searched high and low for some matter for kidney stone causes, isn't it? That is the main reason we compiled this article for you to get that required matter!
Abnormal results The critical value for the blood test is a level of uric acid higher than 12 milligrams per deciliter (about 4 ounces).
Key Terms - Fanconi's syndrome
- A rare disorder caused by vitamin D deficiency or exposure to heavy metals.
- Gout
- A metabolic disorder characterized by sudden recurring attacks of arthritis caused by deposits of crystals that build up in the joints due to abnormally high uric acid blood levels. In gout, uric acid may be overproduced, underexcreted, or both.
- Hyperuricemia
- Excessively high levels of uric acid in the blood, often producing gout.
- Purine
- A white crystalline substance that is one of the building blocks of DNA. Uric acid is produced when purine is broken down in the body.
- Uric acid
- A compound resulting from the body's breakdown of purine. It is normally present in human urine only in small amounts.
- Uricosuria
- Increased levels of uric acid in the urine.
- Wilson's disease
- A rare hereditary disease marked by the buildup of copper in the liver and brain, causing loss of kidney function.
Further Reading For Your Information Books - Laboratory Test Handbook, edited by David S. Jacobs. Cleveland, OH: Lexi-Comp Inc., 1996.
- Mosby's Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Reference, edited by Kathleen Deska Pagana and Timothy James Pagana. St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book, Inc., 1998.
- Springhouse Corporation. Handbook of Diagnostic Tests, edited by Matthew Cahill. Springhouse, PA: Springhouse Corporation, 1995.
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Uric acid is a waste product that results from the breakdown of purine, a nucleic acid. (Nucleic acids are the building blocks of DNA.) Uric acid is made in the liver and excreted by the kidneys. If the liver produces too much uric acid or the kidneys excrete too little, the patient will have too much uric acid in the blood. This condition is called hyperuricemia. Supersaturated uric acid in the urine (uricosuria) can crystallize to form kidney stones that may block the tubes that lead from the kidneys to the bladder (the ureters).
The laboratory should also be notified if the patient has had recent x-ray tests requiring contrast dyes. These chemicals increase uric acid levels in urine and decrease them in blood. Now while reading about kidney stone causes, don't you feel that you never knew so much existed about kidney stone causes? So much matter you never knew existed.
Description The uric acid blood test is performed on a sample of the patient's blood, withdrawn from a vein into a vacuum tube. The procedure, which is called a venipuncture, takes about five minutes. The urine test requires the patient to collect all urine voided over a 24-hour period, with the exception of the very first specimen. The patient keeps the specimen container on ice or in the refrigerator during the collection period.
If you wish to learn more about Gout, Purines, or Uric Acid, check out Steve's s The Internet Guides. The Internet Guide: Uric Acid: http://gout.smartadssecrets.com/uric_acid Writing about kidney stone causes is an interesting writing assignment. There is no end to it, as there is so much to write about it!
Precautions Blood test Patients scheduled for a blood test for uric acid should be checked for the following medications: loop diuretics (Diamox, Bumex, Edecrin, or Lasix); ethambutol (Myambutol); vincristine (Oncovin); pyrazinamide (Tebrazid); thiazide diuretics (Naturetin, Hydrex, Diuril, Esidrix, HydroDiuril, Aquatensen, Renese, Diurese); aspirin (low doses); acetaminophen (Tylenol); ascorbic acid (vitamin C preparations); levodopa (Larodopa); or phenacetin. These drugs can affect test results.
The Internet Guide: Gout - http://gout.smartadsscrets.com The Internet Guide: Purines - http://gout.smartadssecrets.com/purines Keep your mind open to anything when reading about kidney stone causes. Opinions may differ, but it is the base of kidney stone causes that is important.
Certain foods that are high in purine may increase the patient's levels of uric acid. These include kidneys, liver, sweetbreads, sardines, anchovies, and meat extracts. Accept the way things are in life. Only then will you be able to accept these points on kidney stone causes. kidney stone causes can be considered to be part and parcel of life.
Urine test Patients should be checked for the following medications before the urine test: diuretics, aspirin, pyrazinamide (Tebrazid), phenylbutazone, probenecid (Benemid), and allopurinol (Lopurin). If the patient needs to continue taking these medications, the laboratory should be notified. Ignorance is bliss they say. However, do you find this practical when you read so much about kidney stone causes?
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